アリババのクラウドOSが複数のチップアーキテクチャに対応

今回は「アリババのクラウドOSが複数のチップアーキテクチャに対応」についてご紹介します。

関連ワード （Alibaba、Alibaba Cloud等） についても参考にしながら、ぜひ本記事について議論していってくださいね。

本記事は、TechCrunch様で掲載されている内容を参考にしておりますので、より詳しく内容を知りたい方は、ページ下の元記事リンクより参照ください。

Alibaba Cloudのインテリジェンスビジネスグループのプレジデントであるチャン・ジェンフェン氏。

Alibaba（アリババ）は米国時間5月28日のカンファレンスで、同社のクラウドコンピューティング部門が、Armやx86、RISC-Vといったアーキテクチャをベースとする複数種類のプロセッサーと互換性のあるApsaraオペレーティングシステムを開発していることを発表した。

マーケットリサーチ会社IDCによると、Alibaba Cloudは中国のeコマース巨人の最速成長事業の1つであり、また2020年の後半時点では世界で4番目に大きいパブリッククラウドサービスである。

チップの世界市場は、パーソナルコンピューティングはIntelのx86に、モバイルデバイスはArmにほぼ支配されている。しかしArmの技術と競合するオープンソースのチップアーキテクチャであるRISC-Vは、世界中、特に中国の開発者に人気となっている。カリフォルニア大学バークリー校の研究者たちが始めたRISC-Vは、誰もがライセンスや特許料などなしで利用でき、米国の輸出規制の対象にもなっていない。

トランプ政権の国家のセキュリティに対する懸念によるHuawei（ファーウェイ）とそのライバルであるZTEに対する禁令は実質的に、中国の通信大手と米国のテクノロジー企業、特に半導体の大手サプライヤーとの仲を断った。

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Huaweiとの関係を決断せざるをえなくなったArmは、英国生まれの企業ということもあり中国企業へのライセンス提供を継続できると主張したが、そのアーキテクチャを使って設計したチップを実際に製造することが能力的にも法的にも可能なファブを見つけることで、Huaweiは依然として苦労している。

中国の開発者たちは米国の技術規制が今後も続くことを恐れ、そのための備えとしてRISC-Vに殺到したため、米国の制裁がRISC-V周辺の突然の活況を招いた。そしてその運動の先頭にいたのが、Alibabaだ。Alibaba CloudとHuaweiとZTEは、RISC-V Internationalの13社の上位メンバーに含まれ、同団体の取締役会と技術先導共同体に席を有している。

2019年に、このeコマース企業の半導体事業部T-Headが、最初のコアプロセッサーXuantie 910を立ち上げたが、それはRISC-Vがベースで、クラウドエッジとIoTアプリケーションに使われた。そのオペレーティングシステムが、1つのメインストリームのアーキテクチャではなく複数のチップシステムで使えるようにしたことにより、Alibaba Cloudは中国のチップ独立（特定チップ非依存）の未来に備えたことになる。

Alibaba CloudのIntelligenceグループの代表取締役Zhang Jianfeng（チャン・ジェンフェン）氏は、次のように述べている。「ITのエコシステムは従来、使用するチップで定義されましたが、クラウドコンピューティングがそれを抜本的に変えました。クラウドコンピューティングシステムはサーバーのチップや特殊目的のチップ、およびその他のハードウェアのコンピューティングのパワーをすべて標準化するため、チップのベースがx86やArm、RISC-V、あるいはハードウェアアクセラレータなどどのようなものであっても、顧客に提供されるコンピューティングパワーは標準化され高品質なものです」。

一方では、中国の企業がRISC-Vのような代替製品に向かうと技術とスタンダードの分極化が進み、RISC-Vが世界のその他の部分でも広く採用されないかぎり、グローバルなコラボレーションにとって理想的ではない、との主張もある。

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【原文】

Alibaba’s cloud computing unit is making its Apsara operating system compatible with processors based on Arm, x86, RISC-V, among other architectures, the company announced at a conference on Friday.

Alibaba Cloud is one of the fastest-growing businesses for the Chinese e-commerce giant and the world’s fourth-largest public cloud service in the second half of 2020, according to market research firm IDC.

The global chip market has mostly been dominated by Intel’s x86 in personal computing and Arm for mobile devices. But RISC-V, an open-source chip architecture competitive with Arm’s technologies, is gaining popularity around the world, especially with Chinese developers. Started by academics at the University of California, Berkeley, RISC-V is open to all to use without licensing or patent fees and is generally not subject to America’s export controls.

The Trump Administration’s bans on Huawei and its rival ZTE over national security concerns have effectively severed ties between the Chinese telecom titans and American tech companies, including major semiconductor suppliers.

Arm was forced to decide its relationships with Huawei and said it could continue licensing to the Chinese firm as it’s of U.K. origin. But Huawei still struggles to find fabs that are both capable and allowed to actually manufacture the chips designed using the architecture.

The U.S. sanctions led to a burst in activity around RISC-V in China’s tech industry as developers prepare for future tech restrictions by the U.S., with Alibaba at the forefront of the movement. Alibaba Cloud, Huawei and ZTE are among the 13 premier members of RISC-V International, which means they get a seat on its Board of Directors and Technical Steering Community.

In 2019, the e-commerce company’s semiconductor division T-Head launched its first core processor Xuantie 910, which is based on RISC-V and used for cloud edge and IoT applications. Having its operating system work with multiple chip systems instead of one mainstream architecture could prepare Alibaba Cloud well for a future of chip independence in China.

“The IT ecosystem was traditionally defined by chips, but cloud computing fundamentally changed that,” Zhang Jianfeng, president of Alibaba Cloud’s Intelligence group, said at the event. “A cloud operating system can standardize the computing power of server chips, special-purpose chips and other hardware, so whether the chip is based on x86, Arm, RISC-V or a hardware accelerator, the cloud computing offerings for customers are standardized and of high-quality.”

Meanwhile, some argue that Chinese companies moving towards alternatives like RISC-V means more polarization of technology and standards, which is not ideal for global collaboration unless RISC-V becomes widely adopted in the rest of the world.

（文：Rita Liao、翻訳：Hiroshi Iwatani）

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