Aurora Propulsion Technologiesの宇宙ゴミ除去技術が2021年第4四半期に宇宙へ

今回は「Aurora Propulsion Technologiesの宇宙ゴミ除去技術が2021年第4四半期に宇宙へ」についてご紹介します。

関連ワード （Aurora Propulsion Technologies、Rocket Lab、人工衛星、宇宙ごみ等） についても参考にしながら、ぜひ本記事について議論していってくださいね。

本記事は、TechCrunch様で掲載されている内容を参考にしておりますので、より詳しく内容を知りたい方は、ページ下の元記事リンクより参照ください。

小型衛星用のスラスターや軌道離脱モジュールを開発しているフィンランドの企業Aurora Propulsion Technologies（オーロラ・プロパルション・テクノロジーズ）が、自社の技術を初めて宇宙に送り出す。同社はRocket Lab（ロケット・ラボ）と契約し、2021年第4四半期に、初の「AuroraSat-1（オーロラサット1）」と呼ばれるキューブサットを、Electron（エレクトロン）ロケットのライドシェアミッションに載せて、地球低軌道に送り出す予定だ。

Auroraは2018年に創設されたスタートアップ企業で、その他にあまり類を見ない技術は、私たちの多くにとって「見えないところにある、気に留めないもの」である宇宙ごみという厄介な問題の解決に役立つと考えられている。

宇宙ごみ（軌道上デブリ）とは、宇宙空間に存在する不要になった人工物のことだ。米国防総省は、Space Surveillance Network（宇宙監視ネットワーク）を通じて、約2万7000個の宇宙ごみを追跡し続けているが、地球低軌道上には数百万個のごみが漂っていると推定されている。

打ち上げやその他の技術コストが低下し続けているため、地球低軌道上は今後ますます混雑する傾向にあり、長期的には私たちの周囲に浮遊する不要なごみが増える可能性があるということだ。

2021年末に予定されているRocket Labによる打ち上げは、Auroraが宇宙でその技術を実証する好機である。AuroraSat-1は2つのモジュールを備える予定で、1つ目のモジュールには、6基の「レジストジェット」スラスタが搭載されており、キューブサットの迅速な離脱と姿勢制御（衛星の向き）の調整を行う。また、同社は電荷を帯びたマイクロテザーを用いて衛星の離脱時に抵抗力を発生させる「Plasma Brakes（プラズマ・ブレーキ）」のテストも予定している。

AuroraSat-1は当初、宇宙輸送事業者であるMomentus（モメンタス）によって、2021年初めにSpace X （スペースX）のFalcon 9（ファルコン9）ロケットを使ったライドシェア・ミッションで飛ぶ予定だった。しかし、Momentusが米連邦航空局の承認を得られなかったため、その飛行は中止された。

今回の変更について、AuroraのRoope Takala（ルーペ・タカラ）CEOは「Momentusが難しい状況になったことを踏まえて、私たちは今回発表したRocket Labのフライトに衛星を載せ替えなければなりませんでした」と、TechCrunchに語った。Auroraは2021年3月、2022年6月にMomentusと衛星を打ち上げる契約を結んだと発表していた。

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画像クレジット：Aurora Propulsion Technologies

【原文】

Aurora Propulsion Technologies, a Finnish company that develops thrusters and de-orbiting modules for small satellites, will be sending its technology to space for the first time. The company has signed on with Rocket Lab to send its inaugural AuroraSat-1 CubeSat into low Earth orbit aboard an Electron rocket rideshare mission in the fourth quarter of this year.

Aurora is part of a small number of startups that have emerged over the past few years whose technology could help solve a tricky problem that, for most of us, can be summed up as “out of sight, out of mind”: space junk.

Space junk, or orbital debris, includes any human-generated object in space that’s no longer functional. While the Department of Defense keeps track of around 27,000 pieces of space junk through its Space Surveillance Network, there are estimated to be millions of pieces of debris floating around in low Earth orbit. As the costs of launch and other technology continues to decline, LEO is only poised to grow more crowded in the coming years — which could mean more useless junk floating around us in the long-term.

The launch with Rocket Lab later this year is the opportunity for the company to demonstrate its technology in-space. AuroraSat-1 will have two modules. The first module will contain six “resistojet” thrusters, designed to help CubeSats quickly de-tumble and adjust their attitude control, or the satellite’s orientation. Aurora will also test its Plasma Brakes, which use an electrically charged microtether to generate drag for satellite de-orbiting.

The Plasma Brake will need to be installed on satellites prior to launch, Aurora CEO Roope Takala told TechCrunch. “Preparing for de-orbiting is increasingly becoming a requirement for flight permits. However, we are discussing with partners the possibility of in-orbit installation of Plasma Brakes to existing space junk,” he said.

AuroraSat-1 was originally scheduled to fly with in-space transportation provider Momentus on board a Space X Falcon 9 rideshare mission earlier this year, but that flight was halted after Momentus failed to receive approval from the Federal Aviation Administration.

Regarding the switch-up, Takala said that “in light of Momentus’ difficulties, we had to re-manifest the satellite onto the now published Rocket Lab flight.” Aurora announced in March it had signed on to launch a satellite with Momentus in June 2022.

The story has been updated to include additional comments from Aurora CEO Roope Takala. 

（文：Aria Alamalhodaei、翻訳：Hirokazu Kusakabe）

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人工衛星（じんこうえいせい）とは、惑星、主に地球の軌道上に存在し、具体的な目的を持つ人工天体。地球では、ある物体をロケットに載せて第一宇宙速度（理論上、海抜0 mでは約 7.9 km/s = 28,400 km/h）に加速させることで、地球の重力と重力から脱出しようとする遠心力とが釣り合い、その物体...